Rozier excelled at Shaker Heights High School, Ohio, graduating in 2012. During his senior year, he averaged an impressive 25.6 points, 6.5 rebounds, 4.5 assists, and 4.7 steals, propelling Shaker to a 21-3 record and securing a spot in the regional semifinal in 2012 for the first time in a decade. He was also recognized as an All-Lake Erie League player for three consecutive years and ranked 74th overall in the 2012 ESPNU Top 100 players.

During the 2012–13 season at Hargrave, Rozier demonstrated his outstanding skills with impressive averages of 29.3 points, 7.8 rebounds, and 5.6 assists. His remarkable performance earned him the 2012 Kentucky Derby Festival Basketball Classic MVP title, and he also secured second place in both the dunk and three-point contests. Hargrave's team achieved an impressive record of 38-8 during that period.

During his freshman year at Louisville in 2013–14, Rozier had solid contributions, averaging 7.0 points and 3.1 rebounds across 37 games, earning him a spot in the AAC All-Rookie Team. However, it was his sophomore season in 2014–15 that truly showcased his talent as he led the Cardinals in scoring with an impressive 17.1 points per game and received recognition as second-team All-ACC. Rozier's outstanding performance led him and his teammate, Montrezl Harrell, to declare for the 2015 NBA draft on March 30, 2015.

In the 2015 NBA draft, the Boston Celtics chose Rozier as the 16th overall pick on June 25, 2015. During his rookie season, he showcased his skills, playing a part in Boston's G-League team, the Maine Red Claws, while still contributing to the Celtics. Throughout the 2015-16 season, Rozier played in 39 regular season games for the team.

During his second season with the team, Rozier's role expanded significantly, as he started in 74 games. The 2017 playoffs proved to be a turning point for him, playing in 17 games and averaging 5.6 points and 2.6 rebounds per game. He had a breakthrough moment when he achieved his first triple-double in his initial start. Rozier's impressive performance continued throughout the season, with an average of 11.3 points and 4.7 rebounds in 80 appearances. The 2018 playoffs saw him elevate his game further, averaging 16.5 points and 5.3 assists in 19 games.

On July 6, 2019, the Boston Celtics decided to move on from Rozier, trading him to the Charlotte Hornets in a sign-and-trade deal centered around Kemba Walker. Rozier demonstrated his talent on March 8, 2020, scoring an impressive 40 points during a game against the Atlanta Hawks, setting a new career-high.

Fast forward to December 23, 2020, Rozier showcased his continued growth by setting a new career-high with an impressive 42-point game. Alongside his scoring ability, he contributed three rebounds, two assists, two steals, and one block in a closely contested 121–114 matchup against the Cleveland Cavaliers.

On August 24, 2021, Rozier inked a lucrative four-year, $97 million contract extension with the Hornets. Making a statement on December 29, he recorded a season-best 35 points, accompanied by seven rebounds, three assists, two steals, and two blocks, leading the Hornets to a 116–108 victory over the Indiana Pacers.

On February 12, 2022, Rozier once more delivered an impressive performance, scoring 35 points while adding ten rebounds and nine assists in a hard-fought 125–118 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies. Despite Rozier's contributions, the Hornets finished the season with a 43–39 record, securing a spot in the play-in tournament for the second consecutive year. Unfortunately, their season concluded on April 13 with a 132–103 play-in loss to the Atlanta Hawks, despite Rozier's noteworthy performance of 21 points, four rebounds, and three assists.

Terry Rozier demonstrated his scoring ability in a stellar performance on December 11, 2023, against the Miami Heat, notching 34 points with eight successful 3-pointers for the Hornets. His exceptional offensive skills played a crucial role in the team's success that day.

In another standout game, Rozier stepped up for the short-handed Charlotte Hornets, delivering an impressive 37-point, 13-assist performance. Despite facing the formidable Brooklyn Nets, the Hornets secured a thrilling 129-128 victory. Rozier's scoring and playmaking prowess were instrumental in the team's triumph, showcasing his versatility on the court.

The recent trade between the Miami Heat and Charlotte Hornets saw Terry Rozier joining the Heat in exchange for Kyle Lowry and a protected 2027 first-round pick, highlighting Rozier's offensive impact, his ability to attack the rim, and defensive concerns. Rozier's addition addresses Miami's offensive needs, though questions persist about his defensive capabilities and how he might affect the team's playoff performance. This transaction underscores the NBA's ongoing strategic maneuvers and player realignments, shaping the league's competitive landscape and playoff dynamics.